Vietnam

Region: Asia and Oceania
 

Classification of economies by geographic region is based on that of the United Nations Statistics Division.

Low Income
 

Based on the income levels set out by the World Economic Forum (WEF) in its Global Competitiveness Report. However, the groupings are slightly different due to the numbers of economies covered. For GEM, the low income group contains both those classified as low income and lower middle by WEF, and the middle income group has those that WEF groups as upper middle. High income is the same for both GEM and WEF.

Population: 95 million (2018)
 

Population data is from the World Bank, except Palestinian Territories World Population Review and Taiwan Worldometers

GDP Growth: 7.1% (2017)
 

GDP growth data is from the World Economic Outlook Database, except Palestinian Territories Worldometers

GDP Per Capita: $2,172 (2016)
 

GDP per capita data is from the World Economic Outlook Database, except Palestinian Territories Worldometers

Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Attitudes

Most recent data: 2017
  • Vietnam 2017
  • Vietnam 2015
  • Global Average
  • Regional Average
  • Income Level Average

Self-Perceptions

  • 1
     
    Perceived Opportunities Rate:Percentage of 18-64 population (individuals involved in any stage of entrepreneurial activity excluded) who see good opportunities to start a firm in the area where they live
  • 2
     
    Perceived Capabilities Rate:Percentage of 18-64 population (individuals involved in any stage of entrepreneurial activity excluded) who believe they have the required skills and knowledge to start a business
  • 3
     
    Fear of Failure Rate*:Percentage of the 18–64 population who agree that they see good opportunities but would not start a business for fear it might fail. NOTE: this is a percentage of those seeing good opportunities, and not the total adult population
  • 4
     
    Entrepreneurial Intentions Rate:Percentage of 18-64 population (individuals involved in any stage of entrepreneurial activity excluded) who are latent entrepreneurs and who intend to start a business within three years
  • 1. Perceived Opportunities Rate
  • 2. Perceived Capabilities Rate
  • 3. Fear of Failure Rate*
  • 4. Entrepreneurial Intentations Rate:

Activity

  • 1
     
    Total early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA):Percentage of 18-64 population who are either a nascent entrepreneur or owner-manager of a new business
  • 2
     
    Established Business Ownership Rate:Percentage of 18-64 population who are currently an owner-manager of an established business, i.e., owning and managing a running business that has paid salaries, wages, or any other payments to the owners for more than 42 months
  • 3
     
    Entrepreneurial Employee Activity Rate:Rate of involvement of employees in entrepreneurial activities, such as developing or launching new goods or services, or setting up a new business unit, a new establishment or subsidiary
  • 1. Total early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA)
  • 2. Established Business Ownership Rate
  • 3. Entrepreneurial Employee Activity Rate

Motivations

  • 1
     
    Motivational Index:Percentage of those involved in TEA that are improvement-driven opportunity motivated, divided by the percentage of TEA that is necessity-motivated
  • 1. Motivational Index

Gender Equity

  • 1
     
    Female/Male TEA Ratio:Percentage of female 18-64 population who are either a nascent entrepreneur or owner-manager of a 'new business', divided by the equivalent percentage for their male counterparts
  • 2
     
    Female/Male Opportunity-Driven TEA Ratio:Percentage of those females involved in TEA who (i) claim to be driven by opportunity as opposed to finding no other option for work; and (ii) who indicate the main driver for being involved in this opportunity is being independent or increasing their income, rather than just maintaining their income, divided by the equivalent percentage for their male counterparts
  • 1. Female/Male TEA Ratio
  • 2. Female/Male Opportunity-Driven TEA Ratio

Impact

  • 1
     
    High Job Creation Expectation Rate:Percentage of those involved in TEA who expect to create 6 or more jobs in 5 years
  • 2
     
    Innovation Rate:Percentage of those involved in TEA who indicate that their product or service is new to at least some customers AND that few/no businesses offer the same product
  • 3
     
    Business Services Sector Rate:Percentage of those involved in TEA in the 'Business Services' sector - Information and Communication, Financial Intermediation and Real Estate, Professional Services or Administrative Services, as defined by the ISIC 4.0 Business Type Codebook
  • 1. High Job Creation Expectation Rate
  • 2. Innovation Rate
  • 3. Business Services Sector Rate

Societal Values

  • 1
     
    High Status to Successful Entrepreneurs Rate:Percentage of 18-64 population who agree with the statement that in their country, successful entrepreneurs receive high status
  • 2
     
    Entrepreneurship as a Good Career Choice Rate:Percentage of 18-64 population who agree with the statement that in their country, most people consider starting a business as a desirable career choice
  • 1. High Status to Successful Entrepreneurs Rate
  • 2. Entrepreneurship as a Good Career Choice Rate

Entrepreneurial Framework Conditions

Most recent data: 2017

Expert Ratings: 1 = highly insufficient, 5 = highly sufficient

  • Vietnam 2017
  • Vietnam 2015
  • Regional Average
  • Income Level Average
  • Global Average
  • Vietnam 2017
  • Vietnam 2015
  • Regional Average
  • Income Level Average
  • Global Average

Vietnam Reports

Name
Report information
pdf
  • Year of publication: 2018
  • Category: National Reports
  • Language: English
  • Upload date: 2019-02-20

  • Based on the survey results of 2,118 individuals and 36 experts, GEM Vietnam 2017/2018 Report has provided a broad view of the entrepreneurship characteristics in Vietnam in different stages, from intending to start, to just starting, to running a new or established enterprise and even to discontinuing a business. The report has focused on the first stage of the business cycle, from the time of start-up to the time when the business has operated for three and a half years. Moreover, the report also suggests an analytical framework conditions for business development in Vietnam to see the advantages and barriers when starting a business. These analysis are all compared with other economies in the world, especially those with the same entrepreneurial rates, factor-driven economies and countries in the ASEAN region
  • URL: https://gemconsortium.org/report/50235
 GEM Vietnam 2017/2018 Report (Executive Summary)
Report information
pdf
  • Year of publication: 2018
  • Category: National Reports
  • Language: OTHER
  • Upload date: 2019-02-20

  • Based on the survey results of 2,118 individuals and 36 experts, GEM Vietnam 2017/2018 Report has provided a broad view of the entrepreneurship characteristics in Vietnam in different stages, from intending to start, to just starting, to running a new or established enterprise and even to discontinuing a business. The report has focused on the first stage of the business cycle, from the time of start-up to the time when the business has operated for three and a half years. Moreover, the report also suggests an analytical framework conditions for business development in Vietnam to see the advantages and barriers when starting a business. These analysis are all compared with other economies in the world, especially those with the same entrepreneurial rates, factor-driven economies and countries in the ASEAN region.
  • URL: https://gemconsortium.org/report/50236
 GEM Vietnam 2017/2018 Report (Vietnamese)
Report information
pdf
  • Year of publication: 2016
  • Category: National Reports
  • Language: English
  • Upload date: 2016-11-16

  • GEM Vietnam 2015/16 Report has provided a broad view of the entrepreneurship characteristics in Vietnam in different stages, from intending to start, to just starting, to running a new or established enterprise and even to discontinuing a business. Moreover, the report also suggests an analytical framework conditions for business development in Vietnam to see the advantages and barriers when starting a business. With the annual theme as “Social Entrepreneurship”, the report shows the current situation of business start-up and development for social purposes in Vietnam in 2015
  • URL: https://gemconsortium.org/report/49759
 GEM Vietnam Report 2015/16
Report information
pdf
  • Year of publication: 2016
  • Category: National Reports
  • Language: OTHER
  • Upload date: 2016-11-16

  • GEM Viet Nam 2015/16 Report has provided a broad view of the entrepreneurship characteristics in Vietnam in different stages, from intending to start, to just starting, to running a new or established enterprise and even to discontinuing a business. Moreover, the report also suggests an analytical framework conditions for business development in Vietnam to see the advantages and barriers when starting a business. With the annual theme as “Social Entrepreneurship”, the report shows the current situation of business start-up and development for social purposes in Vietnam in 2015
  • URL: https://gemconsortium.org/report/49760
 GEM Vietnam Report 2015/16 (Vietnamese)
Report information
pdf
  • Year of publication: 2015
  • Category: National Reports
  • Language: English
  • Upload date: 2015-06-10

  • Based on the data collected from over two thousand adults and 36 experts in Vietnam, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Vietnam Report 2014 – GEM Vietnam 2014 – presents a picture of characteristics of business development in Vietnam in different stages of development cycle, from intending to start, to just starting, to running a new or established enterprise or finally to discontinuing a business. Moreover, the report also helps to propose an analytical framework conditions for business development in Vietnam. Comparisons among other economies especially those in the same level of development with Vietnam show that business conditions in Vietnam in 2014 are better than in 2013, however, there are still many inadequacies influencing the process of business start-up and development in Vietnam.
  • URL: https://gemconsortium.org/report/49171
 GEM Vietnam 2014 Report
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