Spain has experienced three consecutive years of Total early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) growth with 13.5% of the adult population engaged in starting or consolidating a new business in 2023. (TEA refers to the percentage of 18-64 population who are either a nascent entrepreneur or owner-manager of a new business). However, the percentage of those abandoning their entrepreneurial initiatives has also risen from 2.5% in 2022 to 3.2% in 2023. These were among the findings from the latest GEM Spain National Report,